Software process models, ya software vishleshan prakriya models, software development aur maintenance ke liye standardized approaches aur step-by-step processes hote hain. Ye models software engineering me project management, requirement analysis, design, coding, testing, aur deployment ki suvidha pradan karte hain. Kuch pramukh software process models nimnlikhit hain:
- Waterfall Model: Waterfall model ek linear sequential approach hai, jisme development phases ko sequential order me follow kiya jata hai. Ismein requirements analysis, design, implementation, testing, aur maintenance ko alag-alag stages me divide kiya jata hai. Har phase ka completion hone ke baad hi agla phase shuru hota hai. Waterfall model me change management challenging ho sakti hai.
- Iterative and Incremental Model: Iterative and incremental model mein software development ko chhoti iterations mein divide kiya jata hai. Har iteration me requirements analysis, design, implementation, aur testing ka ek subset kiya jata hai. Har iteration ke baad software incrementally develop hota hai aur feedback ke aadhar par improvements aur enhancements kiye jate hain. Is model me flexibility aur adaptability hoti hai.
- Agile Model: Agile model flexible aur adaptive software development approach hai. Ismein iterative aur incremental development hota hai, jahaan small cross-functional teams sprints ke dauran requirements, design, coding, aur testing ke samay me collaborate karte hain. Agile model me customer collaboration, adaptability, aur quick feedback emphasis kiya jata hai. Scrum aur Kanban agile methodologies prasiddh hai.
- Spiral Model: Spiral model me software development process ek spiral ki tarah hoti hai, jismein har iteration ko ek “spiral” represent karta hai. Har spiral ke andar requirements analysis, risk assessment, prototype development, aur customer evaluation hote hain. Har spiral me software ka functionality aur complexity increment hota hai. Spiral model me risk management aur prototyping ka mahatva hota hai.
- V-Model: V-Model, Verification and Validation model, ek sequential process model hai, jo requirements analysis, system design, module design, coding, aur testing ko parallel aur corresponding pairs me integrate karta hai. Ismein har development stage ke saath uski corresponding testing stage hoti hai. V-Model me documentation aur test planning ka mahatva hota hai.
- DevOps Model: DevOps model software development aur IT operations ko integrate karta hai. Ismein continuous integration, continuous delivery, aur continuous deployment ke principles aur practices ka upyog hota hai. DevOps model me automation, collaboration, aur feedback loops ki pradhanta hoti hai. Is model me development aur operations teams closely work karte hain.
Yeh the kuch pramukh software process models. Har model ki apni advantages aur limitations hoti hai, aur unka selection project requirements, team dynamics, aur organizational context par nirbhar karta hai. Prayog me, custom hybrid models bhi banaye jate hain, jismein different aspects aur elements of multiple models ko combine kiya jata hai.