LISP (List Processing) is a programming language that is particularly known for its powerful list manipulation capabilities. It provides a rich set of built-in functions for working with lists. Here are some commonly used list manipulation functions in LISP:
car: Returns the first element of a list.
(car '(1 2 3)) ; Returns 1
cdr: Returns the sublist of a list, excluding the first element.
(cdr '(1 2 3)) ; Returns (2 3)
cons: Constructs a new list by prepending an element to an existing list.
(cons 1 '(2 3)) ; Returns (1 2 3)
list: Constructs a new list from its arguments.
(list 1 2 3) ; Returns (1 2 3)
length: Returns the length of a list.
(length '(1 2 3)) ; Returns 3
append: Concatenates two or more lists together.
(append '(1 2) '(3 4)) ; Returns (1 2 3 4)
reverse: Reverses the order of elements in a list.
(reverse '(1 2 3)) ; Returns (3 2 1)
nth: Retrieves the nth element from a list.
(nth 2 '(1 2 3)) ; Returns 3
member: Checks if an element is present in a list.
(member 2 '(1 2 3)) ; Returns (2 3)
mapcar: Applies a function to each element of a list and returns a new list with the results.
(mapcar #'(lambda (x) (+ x 1)) '(1 2 3)) ; Returns (2 3 4)
These are just a few examples of the list manipulation functions available in LISP. LISP’s rich set of built-in functions for working with lists makes it a powerful language for handling complex data structures and recursive algorithms.