Operating system, ya sanchar pranali, ek aise software program hai jo ek computing environment ko control aur coordinate karta hai. Ye hardware, software, aur resources ko manage karta hai taki dusre applications ko sahi tarike se chalane aur communication karne mein madad kar sake.
Kuch mukhya karyakram jo operating system karta hai:
- Hardware Interaction: Operating system hardware ke saath communication aur interaction karne mein madad karta hai. Ye device drivers aur protocols provide karta hai jisse processors, memory, storage devices, input/output devices, aur network interfaces ke saath communication ho sake.
- Resource Management: Operating system system resources jaise CPU time, memory allocation, file systems, aur network bandwidth ko manage karta hai. Ye resources ko different applications ke beech distribute karta hai aur unka sahi tarike se istemal aur allocation ka dhyan rakhta hai.
- Process Management: Operating system multiple processes ko handle karta hai. Ye processes ko create, schedule, aur terminate karta hai, aur unhe sahi tarike se resources provide karta hai. Isse multitasking aur concurrent execution possible hota hai.
- User Interface: Operating system user interface pradan karta hai jisse users system ko interact kar sake. Isme graphical user interfaces (GUI) aur command-line interfaces (CLI) shamil hote hai. Ye users ko applications, files, aur settings tak pahunchane mein madad karta hai.
- File System Management: Operating system file system management karta hai. Ye files aur directories ko organize, store, aur access karne ka system provide karta hai. Isse users aur applications apne data ko store aur retrieve kar sakte hai.
- Security and Protection: Operating system system ko secure aur protected rakhta hai. Ye user authentication, access control, aur data encryption jaise security mechanisms provide karta hai. Isse unauthorized access aur data loss se bachaya jata hai.
Ye sirf kuch mukhya karyakram hai jo operating system karta hai. Har operating system apne unique features aur functionalities ke saath aata hai aur specific computing environment ke requirements aur use cases ko samjhta hai.