Basic path testing, white box testing ka ek technique hai jismein software ke execution paths ko test karne ka focus hota hai. Ismein software ke different paths, conditions, aur loops ko cover karne ke liye test cases design kiye jate hain.
Yahan basic path testing ke kuch mukhya tattv hai:
- Control Flow Graph (CFG): Basic path testing ke liye Control Flow Graph (CFG) ka upyog kiya jata hai. CFG, software ke control flow ko visual representation mein darshata hai. Yeh graph vertices (nodes) aur edges se bana hota hai, jahaan vertices program ke different parts ya statements ko represent karte hain aur edges unke execution flow ko darshate hain.
- Execution Paths: CFG ke basis par, software ke possible execution paths ko identify kiya jata hai. Har execution path, software ke different statements, branches, loops, aur conditions ke combinations ko represent karta hai. Basic path testing mein, shortest paths aur unique paths ko target kiya jata hai.
- Path Coverage Criteria: Basic path testing mein path coverage criteria ka upyog kiya jata hai. Path coverage criteria specify karte hain ki kaun se execution paths ko cover karna zaroori hai. Kuch common path coverage criteria hain, jaise ki Statement Coverage (sabhi statements ko cover karna), Decision Coverage (sabhi branch decisions ko cover karna), aur Condition Coverage (sabhi condition combinations ko cover karna).
- Test Case Design: Execution paths ke basis par, test cases design kiye jate hain. Har execution path ke liye ek test case design kiya jata hai, jismein specific input values aur test data ko mention kiya jata hai. Test cases, software ke different conditions aur decisions ko trigger karne ke liye sahi input combinations ko shamil karte hain.
- Path Execution and Verification: Basic path testing mein test cases ko execute kiya jata hai, jisse execution paths ko cover kiya ja sake. Har execution path ke liye test case execution ke baad actual results ko expected results se compare kiya jata hai. Any discrepancies, errors, ya defects ko identify kiya jata hai.
Basic path testing ka uddeshya, software ke important execution paths ko cover karna aur potential errors, bugs, aur control flow issues ko detect karna hota hai. Yeh technique software ke stability, reliability, aur correctness ko enhance karne mein madad karta hai. Isse software ke critical components aur decision points ki test coverage improve hoti hai.