Linear sequential model, jise Waterfall model ke naam se bhi jaana jaata hai, ek sequential software process model hai. Is model mein software development phases ko linear aur sequential order mein follow kiya jata hai. Har phase ka completion hone ke baad hi agla phase shuru hota hai. Har phase ke andar specific activities aur milestones hote hain.
Linear sequential model ke kuch pramukh characteristics hain:
- Sequential Approach: Is model mein software development activities ek linear sequence mein perform kiye jate hain. Sabse pehle requirements gathering aur analysis hota hai, phir design, implementation, testing, aur maintenance follow karte hain. Is sequential approach ke karan, har phase ka completion ke baad hi agla phase shuru hota hai.
- Requirements Freeze: Linear sequential model mein requirements freeze stage bahut mahatvapurna hota hai. Requirements freeze ke baad kisi bhi changes ko incorporate karna challenging ho sakta hai. Isliye, requirements ko initial stage mein samajhna aur finalize karna crucial hota hai.
- Documentation Emphasis: Linear sequential model mein documentation ka mahatva bahut hota hai. Har phase ke completion ke saath, documentation ko maintain kiya jata hai. Isse future references, knowledge transfer, aur maintenance activities ko suvidha milti hai.
- Limited Customer Involvement: Is model mein customer involvement initial stages mein jyada hota hai, jahan requirements analysis aur design ke liye feedback liya jata hai. Lekin, implementation aur testing stages mein customer interaction limited hoti hai. Isse customer ke evolving needs aur changes ko address karna challenging ho sakta hai.
- Rigidity: Linear sequential model me flexibility aur changes ko incorporate karna challenging hota hai. Agar kisi phase mein koi changes ya issues aate hain, toh puri process mein wapas jaana pad sakta hai. Is model mein late-stage changes ko implement karna time-consuming aur costly ho sakta hai.
- Risk Management: Risk management linear sequential model mein important hota hai. Risk analysis aur mitigation activities har phase ke saath integrate kiye jaate hain. Early identification aur management of risks project success ke liye crucial hota hai.
Linear sequential model ke advantages hain ki ismein process ki progression aur milestones clearly defined hote hain, documentation ka mahatva hota hai, aur straightforward approach ki wajah se development process manage karne mein asaani hoti hai.
Lekin, is model ke kuch limitations bhi hain, jaise limited customer involvement, rigidness changes ke liye, aur risk management ki limitation. Is model ko un projects mein jyada upyog karna suitable hai, jahan requirements stable aur well-defined hain, aur changes ke chances kam hai.
Waterfall model ka upyog critical systems, defense projects, aur regulated industries mein dekha jata hai, jahan predefined processes aur documentation ki demand hoti hai.